When you are doing a study you are usually investigating some sort of phenomenon like attention, perception, intelligence etc. When you choose to do a study on say intelligence you have to operationally define intelligence in terms of some variable. Intelligence is often operationally defined as IQ in some studies. Similarly, the stroop effect is an operational definition (a measure of) interference in attention when you compare the congruent word color pairs to the incongruent word color pairs.
I hope that makes it somewhat clear.


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